Hysterosalpingography
Definition
- HSG is a procedure that uses x-rays to view the inside of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
- This procedure reveals the presence of scar tissue or abnormalities with respect to size and shape, which can lead to infertility and problems during pregnancy.
Procedure
- During an HSG, a contrast dye is applied to the uterus and fallopian tubes. This is a liquid containing a dye. The dye appears in contrast to the structures of the body on an x-ray screen. In doing so, it outlines the edges and allows the size and shape of the internal organs to be seen. It is also possible to see how the dye moves through the body structures.
Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Pelvic inflammatory infection
- Heavy uterine bleeding
- Allergy to dye contrast
Benefits
- It is a relatively brief procedure that can provide information about abnormalities that lead to infertility or problems that prevent the fetus from carrying to term.
- It can sometimes be a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic procedure by opening blocked fallopian tubes.
- There is no radiation left in a patient’s body after the x-ray exam is performed.
- X-rays usually have no side effects in the typical diagnostic range for this test.
Complications
Rarely, serious problems occur after HSG. These include an allergic reaction to the contrast dye, injury to the uterus, or pelvic infection.
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- Vomiting
- Fainting
- Severe abdominal pain or cramping
- Heavy vaginal bleeding
- Fever or chills
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Uterine perforation
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Cervical laceration
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Bleeding
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Water overload (acute heart failure, pulmonary edema, dilutional anemia)
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Electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, hyperammonemia, hyperglycemia, acidosis)
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Embolism